risk identification

This digital document is an article from Journal of Studies on Alcohol, published by Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc. on July 1, 2000. The length of the article is 8071 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Objective: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and less severe outcomes are typically diagnosed later in childhood, although earlier diagnosis of the effects of exposure would allow intervention in infancy and prevention of associated secondary disabilities. Identification is particularly difficult in such high-risk groups as low-birthweight infants. The goal of this study was to develop methods for early identification of at-risk infants. Method: Three methods (microcephaly, heavy episodic drinking [[is greater than or equal to] 5 drinks/occasion] in pregnancy and a cumulative risk index) identified neonates at risk for those developmental consequences of prenatal exposure that can be measured at 6 and 12 months (i.e., standard scores on Bayley Scales of Infant Development and growth measures). The usefulness of these methods was assessed by comparing those infants selected to an unexposed contrast group, while controlling for potentially confounding factors (e.g., race, socioeconomic status and birthweight). Results: At 6 months, when 70 infants were tested, trends were found for lower language facet scores and lower scores on the Behavioral Regulation Scale; at 12 months, when 134 were tested, alcohol-exposed infants had significantly lower cognitive facet scores (p [is less than] .02) and were more likely to be classified as either mildly or significantly developmentally delayed (p [is less than] .02). Conclusions: It is possible to identify infants at risk for alcohol-related developmental delays using information available in the neonatal period, although it is not usually done. Of the three methods tested, a cumulative risk index based on maternal characteristics was found to be most predictive. (J. Stud. Alcohol 61: 607-616, 2000)

Citation Details
Title: Early Identification of Risk for Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure(*).(Statistical Data Included)
Author: Claire D. Coles
Publication: Journal of Studies on Alcohol (Refereed)
Date: July 1, 2000
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Volume: 61 Issue: 4 Page: 607

Article Type: Statistical Data Included

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This digital document is an article from Ahfad Journal, published by Ahfad University for Women on December 1, 2007. The length of the article is 5078 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Assessment of the nutritional status and identification of health risk factors of older people in Khartoum State.(Report)
Author: M. Muna Abbas
Publication: Ahfad Journal (Magazine/Journal)
Date: December 1, 2007
Publisher: Ahfad University for Women
Volume: 24 Issue: 2 Page: 71(21)

Article Type: Report

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This digital document is an article from Nephrology Nursing Journal, published by Jannetti Publications, Inc. on March 1, 2010. The length of the article is 7788 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: African Americans experience a disproportionately greater burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage 5 than Caucasians and other minority groups. Precursors to CKD may also be components of metabolic syndrome. This study identified modifiable risk factors for CKD in an African-American metabolic syndrome cohort and compared results by gender. Both men and women (52%) had blood pressure values of 130/80 or higher, impaired fasting glucose levels of 100 to 125 mg/dL (25.5%), and body mass index greater than 25 (98.9%). There was no significant difference between genders. Appropriate clinical management of these factors may prevent or delay the onset of CKD.

Citation Details
Title: Identification of modifiable chronic kidney disease risk factors by gender in an African-American metabolic syndrome cohort.(Continuing Nursing Education)
Author: Loretta Jackson Brown
Publication: Nephrology Nursing Journal (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 1, 2010
Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc.
Volume: 37 Issue: 2 Page: 133(11)

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This digital document is a journal article from Mut.Res.-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
This report summarizes the proceedings of the September 9-10, 2005 meeting of the Expert Working Group on Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Relation to In Vitro Testing, part of an initiative on genetic toxicology. The objective of the Working Group was to develop recommendations for interpretation of results from tests commonly included in regulatory genetic toxicology test batteries, and to propose an appropriate strategy for follow-up testing when positive in vitro results were obtained in these assays. The Group noted the high frequency of positive in vitro findings in the genotoxicity test batteries with agents found not to be carcinogenic and thought not to pose a carcinogenic health hazard to humans. The Group agreed that a set of consensus principles for appropriate interpretation and follow-up testing when initial in vitro tests are positive was needed. Current differences in emphasis and policy among different regulatory agencies were recognized as a basis of this need. Using a consensus process among a balanced group of recognized international authorities from industry, government, and academia, it was agreed that a strategy based on these principles should include guidance on: (1) interpretation of initial results in the ”core” test battery; (2) criteria for determining when follow-up testing is needed; (3) criteria for selecting appropriate follow-up tests; (4) definition of when the evidence is sufficient to define the mode of action and the relevance to human exposure; and (5) definition of approaches to evaluate the degree of health risk under conditions of exposure of the species of concern (generally the human). A framework for addressing these issues was discussed, and a general ”decision tree” was developed that included criteria for assessing the need for further testing, selecting appropriate follow-up tests, and determining a sufficient weight of evidence to attribute a level of risk and stop testing. The discussion included case studies based on actual test results that illustrated common situations encountered, and consensus opinions were developed based on group analysis of these cases. The Working Group defined circumstances in which the pattern and magnitude of positive results was such that there was very low or no concern (e.g., non-reproducible or marginal responses), and no further testing would be needed. This included a discussion of the importance of the use of historical control data. The criteria for determining when follow-up testing is needed included factors, such as evidence of reproducibility, level of cytotoxicity at which an increased DNA damage or mutation frequency is observed, relationship of results to the historical control range of values, and total weight of evidence across assays. When the initial battery is negative, further testing might be required based on information from the published literature, structure activity considerations, or the potential for significant human metabolites not generated in the test systems. Additional testing might also be needed retrospectively when increase in tumors or evidence of pre-neoplastic change is seen. When follow-up testing is needed, it should be based on knowledge about the mode of action, based on reports in the literature or learned from the nature of the responses observed in the initial tests. The initial findings, and available information about the biochemical and pharmacological nature of the agent, are generally sufficient to conclude that the responses observed are consistent with certain molecular mechanisms and inconsistent with others. Follow-up tests should be sensitive to the types of genetic damage known to be capable of inducing the response observed initially. It was recognized that genotoxic events might arise from processes other than direct reactivity with DNA, that these mechanisms may have a non-linear, or threshold, dose-response relationship, and that in such cases it may be possible to determine an exposure level below which there is negligible concern about an effect due to human exposures. When a test result is clearly positive, consideration of relevance to human health includes whether other assays for the same endpoint support the results observed, whether the mode or mechanism of action is relevant to the human, and – most importantly – whether the effect observed is likely to occur in vivo at concentrations expected as a result of human exposure. Although general principles were agreed upon, time did not permit the development of recommendations for the selection of specific tests beyond those commonly employed in initial test batteries.

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This digital document is an article from EDP Weekly’s IT Monitor, published by Millin Publishing, Inc. on March 31, 2003. The length of the article is 585 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Semagix delivers anti-money laundering software.(CIRAS (Customer Identification and Risk Assessment)
Publication: EDP Weekly’s IT Monitor (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 31, 2003
Publisher: Millin Publishing, Inc.
Volume: 44 Issue: 13 Page: 1

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This digital document is an article from Exceptional Children, published by Council for Exceptional Children on April 1, 1990. The length of the article is 4293 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Early identification of developmentaly disabled and at-risk preschool children.
Author: Thomas T. Kochanek
Publication: Exceptional Children (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 1990
Publisher: Council for Exceptional Children
Volume: v56 Issue: n6 Page: p528(10)

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